How such characteristics are related to the underlying microscopic processes is a central question for our understanding of materials. A versatile platform to address it are quantum gases coupled to the dynamic light field inside an optical resonator. This setting allows to create synthetic many-body systems with cavity-mediated long-range atom-atom interactions. If these are sufficiently strong, the system undergoes a structural phase transition to a supersolid crystal of matter and light, which we study in real time.
In a second set of experiments, we make use of the cavity-mediated interaction to induce the formation of pairs of correlated atoms. We demonstrate that this process is based on the amplification of vacuum fluctuations.
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